Allergy Research Group Supplements: Which Formulas Have Real Evidence

If you are shopping for allergy research group supplements, you have probably noticed the problem already. Nearly everything written about the brand is a product listing or a retailer summary that says "clinically researched" and stops there. This guide does something different. It grades every major formula by the strength of the human evidence behind it, names the dose and the study, and says plainly when the support is only mechanistic, animal, or missing. Agape Nutrition carries this line, but a guide that flatters a catalog helps nobody.

What Is Allergy Research Group?

Allergy Research Group was founded in 1979 by Stephen Levine, PhD, a biochemist, making it one of the older names in the practitioner channel. It is widely credited as the first to bring nattokinase to the US market using the NSK-SD material, and as an early US source for melatonin, 5-HTP and artemisinin.

Two dates shaped today's catalog: a buffered, stomach-friendly vitamin C in 1983, and a hypoallergenic product line in 1995.

ARG defines hypoallergenic in testable terms on its own About page: no milk, wheat, egg, soy, tree nuts, peanuts, shellfish, fish, or sesame. For anyone managing food sensitivities, that list is worth more than the word itself.

Agape Nutrition lists 156 Allergy Research Group products, 154 in stock and sellable, and most are single-ingredient formulas. That makes the line gradeable, one ingredient at a time. Browse the full Allergy Research Group line here.

Why the Practitioner-Grade Label Matters Here

"Practitioner grade" is one of the most abused phrases in this industry. No regulator defines it, so the process behind the label is the only thing that counts. Documentation for this brand describes four checkpoints:

• Third-party testing of incoming raw materials before production.
• Third-party testing of finished goods before shipping.
• PCR and DNA analysis as a cross-contamination screen, confirming a raw material is what the label claims.
• cGMP manufacturing, with Fullscript requiring annual proof of third-party cGMP certification.

For a hypoallergenic line, testing is the product. A soy-free claim is only as good as the test proving no soy protein arrived with a botanical extract.

One documentation gap: the About page does not publish an excipient policy or a full testing protocol. If an excipient matters to you, read the exact bottle in your hand. Agape's own pages are worth a look: Professional Grade Quality Standards, Third Party Testing, and about Agape Nutrition.

How to Read the ARG Catalog: Single Ingredients vs Blends

The catalog splits into two halves that deserve different levels of trust.

Single-ingredient formulas

This is most of the line, and the reason the brand is worth grading at all. One ingredient means one evidence base, so you can compare the studied dose with the label dose.

Examples: Nattokinase 50 mg NSK-SD, Tocomin SupraBio Tocotrienols 200 mg, Delta-Fraction Tocotrienols, Pantethine, Quercetin 300, ButyrEn, Mastica, Laktoferrin, Magnesium Citrate, and 200 mg of Zen.

Blends

Wholly Immune Powder, Multi-Vi-Min, MVM-A, MultiMin, ImmunoBiotic Pro, InflaMed and Advanced NeuroPlus combine nutrients, herbs and cofactors. They are not bad products, but no single ingredient in a blend can be credited with an outcome, because no trial has run on that exact combination at that exact ratio.

The grading key used below

• Grade A: multiple human randomized controlled trials, including at least one in a healthy or general population.
• Grade B: human trials exist, but are small, open-label, single-arm, or limited to one narrow group.
• Grade C: no human trial retrieved this run. Evidence is mechanistic, in vitro, or animal only.

A C grade means the trial has not been run yet, or we could not find it. Absence of evidence is not proof of ineffectiveness.

Three label checks

1. Form and dose: NSK-SD nattokinase, Tocomin SupraBio tocotrienols, citrate rather than oxide for magnesium, delayed-release ButyrEn. Compare the label dose against the trial dose.
2. Servings: a 60-capsule bottle at trial-level dosing may last two weeks, not two months.
3. Ingredient count: the simpler the formula, the easier it is to know what is doing what.

ARG for Gut and Digestive Support

Essential-Biotic Saccharomyces Boulardii

Grade A for the species. In a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 100 hospitalized adults on systemic antibiotics took S. boulardii at 250 mg twice daily for 28 days or a placebo. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea occurred in 4 of 51 people on the yeast (7.8%) versus 35 of 49 on placebo (71.4%), a risk ratio of 0.11. The investigators caution that the high placebo event rate and the single-center design mean the result needs confirmation in larger multicenter trials using standardized definitions.

Two more studies add context: a double-blind pediatric trial in 186 children alongside a 270-patient adult observational arm, and a randomized trial adding 250 mg twice daily to vonoprazan plus amoxicillin in 150 adults, which found no improvement in the eradication rate but fewer side effects. Each measured one outcome in one population, usually alongside standard medical care, and each used a specific commercial product rather than ARG's exact capsule.

ButyrEn: Tributyrin, and a Caveat You Should Read

Grade C for tributyrin specifically, Grade B for butyrate generally. ButyrEn supplies tributyrin, a triglyceride the body converts into butyrate, and the human butyrate trials retrieved this run used sodium or calcium butyrate instead:

• Microencapsulated sodium butyrate at 1.5 g per day for 12 weeks in 52 adults with type 2 diabetes who also met Rome IV criteria for IBS.
• Sustained-release calcium butyrate at 600 mg daily for 4 to 5 weeks in 35 people with hand osteoarthritis, with microbiome composition as the primary outcome.

The tributyrin-specific human data is one open-label study: 500 mg three times daily for 30 days in 14 people with Parkinson's disease plus 3 healthy controls, testing safety and target engagement rather than symptoms. Everything else retrieved on tributyrin was animal research in pigs, broilers, pigeons and shrimp.

The honest read: tributyrin is a smart delivery strategy with a reassuring early safety profile, and no human randomized trial of tributyrin was retrieved in this review.

Mastica

Grade B, and only as an add-on. The 2026 pilot used mastic gum alongside standard therapy. The older 2010 pilot also tested mastic gum on its own, and mastic alone did not achieve the outcome. In a single-blind randomized pilot, 64 adults added mastic gum to a two-week antibiotic regimen: the primary endpoint, H. pylori eradication, was reached in 85% versus 67%, which did not reach significance (p = 0.19), though symptom scores improved more with mastic. In an older randomized pilot of 52 patients, mastic gum alone at 350 mg three times daily for 14 days did not eradicate, and only standard therapy reached significance.

Ox Bile

Grade C, stated plainly. The papers retrieved were bile-acid physiology and animal work, so this guide makes no claim about Ox Bile 125 mg or Ox Bile 500 mg beyond their existence. Full Spectrum Digest, BifidoBiotics, Lactobacillus, GI Flora, GastroCleanse and L-Glutamine Powder are ungraded for the same reason. To match formulas to a goal, start with the Digestion & Gut Health pillar page.

ARG for Immune and Allergy Support

Quercetin 300

Grade C, and this one surprises people. Quercetin is the flagship allergy product in most ARG recommendations. The quercetin papers retrieved this run were mechanistic, in vitro, or in mice, mapping how quercetin interacts with signaling pathways and cell types involved in nasal allergic responses. A related review of rutin, a quercetin glycoside, likewise concluded that limited clinical validation remains. That is research that comes before a human trial, not after one. No human randomized controlled trial of quercetin for allergic symptoms was retrieved.

Laktoferrin and Laktoferrin with Colostrum

Grade B. A randomized, open-label trial followed 185 patients with iron deficiency anemia and reduced kidney function. One group received oral iron alone; the other received oral iron plus lactoferrin 100 mg twice daily for 3 months, and showed significantly greater improvement in hemoglobin, with changes in iron indices and inflammatory markers. The caveats matter: the trial was open-label, it ran in one patient population, and lactoferrin was added to iron rather than used alone.

What else sits here

• Buffered Vitamin C, Esterol Ester-C, Micro Liposomal C: no human trial retrieved, no grade. The buffered form dates to 1983 and was designed for stomach tolerance.
• Zinc Citrate 25 mg, Zinc Citrate 50 mg, Zinc Picolinate: no human trial retrieved, no grade.
• Aller-Aid L-92: strain-specific, with no human trial for that strain in our verified list.
• Wholly Immune Powder, ImmunoBiotic Pro, Multi-Vi-Min, Vitamin D3 Complete: blends, so not gradeable ingredient by ingredient.

This category's immune and allergy positioning rests mostly on mechanistic data, with lactoferrin as the strongest human evidence in the group.

ARG for Heart and Circulation

Nattokinase 50 mg and 100 mg NSK-SD

Grade A for human trials, with a serious caveat. There is more human research on nattokinase than on anything else in the line.

• A meta-analysis of 6 randomized controlled trials with 546 participants found small reductions in systolic blood pressure (about 3.45 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (about 2.32 mmHg). Lipid effects were unfavorable or absent rather than beneficial: total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol all moved the wrong way in the lower-dose group, and total cholesterol was also higher than control at the higher dose. Match the trial dose.
• A 4-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 113 adults with elevated cholesterol found improvements in total, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol. It used a nattokinase plus monascus combination, so nattokinase alone does not get the credit.
• A 90-day randomized, double-blind trial in 178 patients with stable coronary artery disease compared nattokinase plus red yeast rice, nattokinase alone, red yeast rice alone and placebo. The combination performed best, with no adverse effects reported. Again, a combination.
• A 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 120 participants with asymptomatic narrowing of the intracranial or carotid arteries used 8000 FU per day. Its primary cognitive endpoint was not met (between-group difference 0.038, p = 0.948). An exploratory visuospatial measure favored nattokinase, but exploratory findings are hypotheses, not results.

A 2026 review adds the caveat: the field still faces limited clinical evidence and a lack of standardization for clinical translation.

Tocomin SupraBio Tocotrienols and Delta-Fraction Tocotrienols

Grade A. Tocotrienols are a form of vitamin E, and this is the most consistent human record in the line.

• A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 150 healthy adults gave a tocotrienol-rich fraction at 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg daily for two months, with a vaccination on day 28. Antibody production rose significantly at every dose, highest at 400 mg.
• A phase II double-blind randomized trial in 150 patients after a stroke or transient ischemic attack gave 400 mg or 800 mg daily for a year. Among those on aspirin and clopidogrel, aspirin resistance fell from 40% on placebo to 9% at 400 mg, with 25% at 800 mg (p = 0.03).
• A smaller randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial used 300 mg per day for 3 months in patients with reduced kidney function. Only 33 people completed it, so treat it as supportive, not decisive.
• A scoping review of 42 human articles on vitamin E and brain health noted tocotrienol's lower plasma bioavailability, its availability in selective brain regions, and heterogeneity that limits comparisons.

Pantethine

Grade A for human lipid trials. A randomized, triple-blinded, placebo- and diet-controlled trial in 32 people at low to moderate cardiovascular risk dosed pantethine at 600 mg per day for weeks 1 to 8, then 900 mg per day for weeks 9 to 16. LDL cholesterol fell about 11% from baseline while rising about 3% on placebo.

A second randomized, double-blind, multicenter study in 216 people compared pantethine at 600 units per day against coenzyme A: triglycerides fell 17.4% at four weeks and 16.5% at eight weeks, and coenzyme A performed better. Both trials ran in people with elevated lipids, and one of them, at 32 people, was small by modern standards.

The rest of the cardiovascular shelf

Magnesium Citrate and Calcium Magnesium Citrate are worth choosing for the salt form. A pharmacokinetic study in 24 healthy men described magnesium oxide as poorly soluble with low bioavailability, and found absorption did not rise proportionally between 750 mg and 2000 mg. Coenzyme Q10, CoQH-CF Ubiquinol, Super EPA, Lumbrokinase and the rest of the shelf had no human trials in this run's verified list. See the Heart & Circulation pillar page.

ARG for Brain, Mood and Stress

200 mg of Zen (L-theanine and GABA)

Grade A for L-theanine, Grade B for the combination. A 2026 mini-review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of human randomized trials reported a consistent pattern for L-theanine:

• 100 to 400 mg produced small but statistically significant improvements in aspects of cognitive performance, particularly visual attention and when combined with caffeine.
• 200 to 400 mg per day reduced perceived and physiological stress markers under stress-inducing conditions, without sedation.
• 200 to 450 mg per day was reported to support sleep quality.

The combination itself is thinner. A single-arm exploratory study gave 19 adults with sleep complaints GABA 700 mg plus L-theanine 200 mg daily for four weeks, and sleep quality scores improved from 9.42 to 6.26. With no placebo group, expectation and time cannot be ruled out.

Phosphatidyl Choline 100 Softgels

Grade B for lipids only. The memory claim is not supported. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 100 patients with elevated cholesterol used a specific water-soluble phosphatidylcholine at 500 mg twice daily for 12 weeks. Non-HDL cholesterol fell 13.2% versus 4.3% on placebo (p = 0.001), with no liver or kidney function changes and no serious adverse events. Two limits matter: the tested ingredient was a specific water-soluble formulation rather than lecithin-derived phosphatidylcholine in general, and the endpoint was lipids. No human trial retrieved this run tested phosphatidylcholine for memory.

Not graded here

Melatonin, 5-HTP, Advanced NeuroPlus, Acetyl-L-Carnitine, L-Tyrosine, Magnolia Extract and the other brain and mood formulas sit here with no human trial in our verified list. For sleep-focused browsing, see the Sleep Cycle & Circadian Rhythm collection, and for the wider category, the Brain & Memory pillar page.

ARG for Joints, Skin and Connective Tissue

Grade C across this category. The line includes Arthred Collagen Powder, MSM 500 mg, N-Acetyl Glucosamine, CurcuWIN 500, Boron Joint with CurcuWIN, InflaMed, Grape Pips, Astaxanthin 12 mg and EPO, and no human trials for these ingredients appeared in this run's verified list.

The closest thing to joint evidence retrieved is not an ARG joint formula. It is the calcium butyrate trial mentioned earlier: 35 people with hand osteoarthritis, 600 mg daily for 4 to 5 weeks, primary outcome microbiome composition, joint measures secondary, and two participants stopping treatment, one for pre-existing liver impairment and one because of a need for pain medication.

That is a proof-of-concept study about a butyrate salt, not a claim about collagen, MSM or curcumin, and we will not dress it up as one. The Bone, Joint & Pain pillar page is the place to compare formulas.

What the Evidence Does Not Support

This is the most important section in this guide, and the one no competing page has. Read it before you buy anything.

Here is what the retrieved human evidence does not support:

• Tributyrin for digestive symptom relief. The human randomized trials used sodium and calcium butyrate, not tributyrin. The one tributyrin human study retrieved was open-label, had no placebo, and tested safety in 17 people. The symptom-relief claim is not one this review can carry, so it is not repeated here.
• Phosphatidylcholine for memory or cognition. The one human trial retrieved tested a specific water-soluble form for cholesterol, not cognition.
• Quercetin for allergy symptoms. Every retrieved study was mechanistic, in vitro, or in mice.
• Ox bile for anything. The papers retrieved were bile-acid physiology, animal and analytical work, with no human supplementation trial.
• Nattokinase for cognitive improvement. The 6-month randomized trial in 120 participants missed its primary cognitive endpoint. An exploratory finding is not a benefit.
• Mastic gum as a stand-alone strategy. The 2026 pilot used mastic alongside standard therapy, and the older 2010 pilot also tested mastic alone, which did not achieve the outcome.
• Any blend, for any specific outcome. No trial has tested Wholly Immune, Multi-Vi-Min, MVM-A, ImmunoBiotic Pro, InflaMed or Advanced NeuroPlus as complete formulas.

Three structural cautions apply across the catalog:

1. Disease-cohort results do not transfer. Several strong trials above ran in people with a diagnosed condition: reduced kidney function, a prior stroke or transient ischemic attack, stable coronary artery disease, iron deficiency anemia, hospitalization on antibiotics, hand osteoarthritis. That is research context, not evidence that the same product benefits a healthy person, and never a reason to skip medical care.
2. Small, open-label and single-arm studies are weaker. The lactoferrin trial was open-label, the sleep study was single-arm with no placebo, and the tributyrin study was open-label. All useful, none definitive.
3. Animal and cell data is a starting point. The tributyrin papers were in pigs, broilers, pigeons and shrimp, and the quercetin papers were largely cell and mouse models.

Nothing here suggests any supplement prevents, treats or cures a diagnosed condition, and nothing here should delay or replace care from a qualified clinician.

How to Choose: Matching an ARG Formula to Your Goal

Enough grading. Here is the process that turns it into a purchase you will not regret.

1. Start from the goal, then check whether a graded formula exists. Circulation support: nattokinase and tocotrienols. Digestive support alongside antibiotics: S. boulardii. Joint comfort: this line has no graded joint formula, so decide whether you still want to try one.
2. Prefer single ingredients over blends, because that is the gradeable half of the catalog. Buy the single ingredient and dose it deliberately.
3. Match the dose to the trial dose, then check how many servings the bottle holds. A formula dosed at half the studied amount is not the product the trial tested.
4. Check the form, not just the name: NSK-SD nattokinase, Tocomin SupraBio tocotrienols, citrate rather than oxide for magnesium, delayed-release ButyrEn, water-soluble phosphatidylcholine if lipids are the goal.
5. Choose the simplest formula that does the job, because a short ingredient list means fewer interactions and a clearer idea of what is working.
6. Use blends for coverage, not for targeting. Multi-Vi-Min, MultiMin and MVM-A make sense as broad nutritional insurance, not for chasing one specific outcome.

If your goal does not map onto this brand, the Specialty Support pillar page and the Detox & Methylation pillar page cover formulas outside this line.

Safety, Interactions and Who Should Be Careful

A buying guide that skips safety is not a buying guide. Here are the interaction points this research turned up.

• Nattokinase and blood thinners. Nattokinase is a fibrinolytic enzyme that acts on clot formation. Do not combine it with anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication without a clinician's guidance, and stop it before any planned surgery. This is the single most important caution here.
• Magnesium and thyroid medication. A crossover trial in 15 healthy adults found that magnesium taken with levothyroxine reduced thyroxine absorption: magnesium aspartate reduced exposure by about 12%, magnesium citrate by about 7%. Separate magnesium from thyroid medication. The trial did not test a spacing interval.
• Saccharomyces boulardii in immunocompromised people. This is a live yeast. Anyone immunocompromised, or with a central venous line, should speak with a clinician first.
• High-dose iodine. Iodoral 12.5 mg and Iodoral 50 mg sit close to thyroid function. Do not self-dose iodine, especially with a thyroid condition or thyroid medication.
• Glandular products. Thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, thymus, kidney and liver glandulars contain animal tissue. Treat them as a decision to make with your clinician.
• Butyrate tolerability. The butyrate trials reported good tolerability. In the hand osteoarthritis trial, two participants discontinued, one for pre-existing liver impairment and one because of a need for pain medication.
• Anyone pregnant or breastfeeding, giving supplements to a child, or managing a diagnosed condition should talk to a qualified clinician first. That is not a legal formality, it is the correct order of operations.

Start one formula at a time, keep a simple log, and give it the same duration the trial used before you judge it.

The Bottom Line

Allergy Research Group is a real pioneer with a documented quality process, and its catalog is unusually easy to audit because it is built on single ingredients.

The grading summary, in one place:

• Strongest human evidence: tocotrienols, nattokinase (with the standardization caveat), pantethine, S. boulardii, and L-theanine.
• Randomized but weaker designs, or early human evidence: lactoferrin (open-label, one population), tributyrin, mastic gum, and the GABA plus L-theanine combination.
• Mechanistic or animal only: quercetin, ox bile, and most of the joint and skin range.
• Not gradeable: every multi-ingredient blend.

Buy the graded formulas, dose them the way the trials did, and skip anything whose only support is a mechanism. Agape Nutrition has sold practitioner-grade supplements since 1998, and you can check the verified customer reviews to see how these formulas land with real buyers.

Each formula below is one Agape Nutrition stocks today, and each is the form the label checks above call for. Check the panel against the dose you chose before you buy.

What We Recommend

References

1. Chen S, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of palm-derived tocotrienol-rich fraction in healthy volunteers following influenza vaccination: a randomised clinical trial. Nutrition Research. 2026. PMID 42579941. DOI 10.1016/j.nutres.2026.07.004
2. Trugilho L, et al. Effects of tocotrienol on cardiovascular risk markers in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2025. PMID 39840146. DOI 10.1155/jnme/8482883
3. Slivka A, et al. Platelet function in stroke/transient ischemic attack patients treated with tocotrienol. FASEB Journal. 2020. PMID 32686874. DOI 10.1096/fj.201902216rr
4. Razali RA, et al. Shifting perspectives on the role of tocotrienol vs. tocopherol in brain health: a scoping review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2025. PMID 40650110. DOI 10.3390/ijms26136339
5. Zhang K, et al. Nattokinase supplementation for cognitive enhancement in asymptomatic intracranial/carotid stenosis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2026. PMID 41325794. DOI 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108511
6. Li X, et al. Nattokinase supplementation and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2023. PMID 39076715. DOI 10.31083/j.rcm2408234
7. Liu X, et al. The effect of nattokinase-monascus supplements on dyslipidemia: a four-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutrients. 2023. PMID 37836525. DOI 10.3390/nu15194239
8. Liu M, et al. Lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and antithrombotic effects of nattokinase combined with red yeast rice in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2024. PMID 38812930. DOI 10.3389/fnut.2024.1380727
9. Ma Y, et al. Nattokinase: a multifunctional food-derived enzyme for thrombophilia management. Life Sciences. 2026. PMID 42097398. DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2026.124439
10. Divyaveer S, et al. Randomized controlled trial comparing lactoferrin plus iron to iron alone for iron deficiency anemia in CKD. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2026. PMID 42684832. DOI 10.2215/cjn.0000001204
11. Kovacevic P, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hospitalized patients receiving antibiotics: a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Antibiotics. 2026. PMID 42792018. DOI 10.3390/antibiotics15090868
12. Lou Y, et al. Age-stratified evaluation of Saccharomyces boulardii in a pediatric randomized controlled trial and adult observational study of infectious enteritis. Journal of Visualized Experiments. 2026. PMID 42329849. DOI 10.3791/70695
13. Ji Z, et al. Effects of supplementing with Saccharomyces boulardii on vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy for naive Helicobacter pylori infection: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterology. 2026. PMID 42026480. DOI 10.1186/s12876-026-04865-8
14. Cotter J, et al. Effects of L-theanine on cognition, mood and sleep: evidence from human trials. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2026. PMID 42761839. DOI 10.3389/fnut.2026.1922819
15. Konno H, et al. Effects of combined GABA and L-theanine supplementation on sleep quality: an exploratory study. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2026. PMID 41636292. DOI 10.26355/eurrev_202601_37647
16. Evans M, et al. Pantethine, a derivative of vitamin B5, favorably alters total, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol in low to moderate cardiovascular risk subjects eligible for statin therapy: a triple-blinded placebo and diet-controlled investigation. Vascular Health and Risk Management. 2014. PMID 24600231. DOI 10.2147/vhrm.s57116
17. Chen YQ, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of coenzyme A vs pantethine for the treatment of patients with hyperlipidemia: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. Journal of Clinical Lipidology. 2015. PMID 26350816. DOI 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.07.003
18. Tulsian V, et al. Mastic gum as an adjunct therapy to standard bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized single-blind pilot study. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology. 2026. PMID 41832367. DOI 10.1007/s12664-026-01968-8
19. Dabos KJ, et al. The effect of mastic gum on Helicobacter pylori: a randomized pilot study. Phytomedicine. 2010. PMID 19879118. DOI 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.09.010
20. Panufnik P, et al. Effect of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on abdominal symptoms and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Scientific Reports. 2026. PMID 41974937. DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-47309-9
21. Hartog M, et al. Effectiveness of sustained release calcium butyrate on the microbiome and clinical burden in osteoarthritis of the hand: a proof-of-concept placebo-controlled randomized trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2026. PMID 41628665. DOI 10.1016/j.joca.2026.01.630
22. Bohnen JLB, et al. Dietary tributyrin supplementation in Parkinson's disease: an open-label target engagement study. Neurotherapeutics. 2026. PMID 41271518. DOI 10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00791
23. Kukharchuk VV, et al. Vitaphospholip (water-soluble phosphatidylcholine) in the treatment of combined hyperlipidemia: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Biomeditsinskaia Khimiia. 2025. PMID 41211734. DOI 10.18097/pbmcr1619
24. Swetha RK, et al. Randomized, open-label study of the short-term pharmacokinetics of oral magnesium oxide in healthy volunteers. Scientific Reports. 2026. PMID 42091979. DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-50427-z
25. Attinger MC, et al. Single center, open-label, randomized crossover trial on drug-drug interactions of levothyroxine/magnesium-citrate and levothyroxine/magnesium-aspartate in healthy subjects: the ThyroMag trial. Clinical and Translational Science. 2025. PMID 41221788. DOI 10.1111/cts.70409

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