Bioclinic Naturals, PEA (Palmitoylethanolamide) 90 Vegcaps

Benefits

• For chronic pain relief
• Offers a natural source of PEA from non-GMO saffl ower oil
• Micronized for improved bioavailability
• Provides 400 mg PEA in each capsule, allowing for easy clinically relevant dosing
• Suitable for vegetarians and vegans

Feature Summary

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenously produced lipid that mediates the resolution of neuroinflammation and clinically reduces pain from various sources.1,2,3 PEA is a type of fatty acid ethanolamine produced in microglia and mast cells, where it downregulates the activation of both cell types; levels of PEA are increased in brain areas involved in nociception, and appear to modulate protective responses to both inflammation and pain.4 Its effects are mediated via direct activation of PPAR-a and GPR55 receptors, and potentially by indirect activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors and the TRPV1 channel (i.e., the capsaicin receptor).5,6

In clinical trials, PEA has been shown to reduce pain levels from various chronic conditions (of at least 6 months duration) where pain was not controlled by standard therapies, demonstrating effectiveness alone and when combined with standard treatments.7 PEA has been shown to be efficacious for pain resulting from nerve compression syndromes, including sciatica and carpal tunnel syndrome.8 Randomized trials have also shown benefits for pain control for specific conditions, including TMJ,9 as well as for depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder when used in conjunction with antidepressants.10 In addition, PEA has been shown to improve endothelial function and reduce intraocular pressure among patients with ocular hypertension.11,12

Non-Medicinal Ingredients

Vegetarian capsule (carbohydrate gum [cellulose], purified water), microcrystalline cellulose, vegetable grade magnesium stearate (lubricant), silica, and stearic acid.

Dosage

Recommended Adult Dose: 1 capsule 1–3 times per day or as directed by a health care practitioner.

Warnings

Consult a health care practitioner if symptoms persist or worsen. Consult a health care practitioner before use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. Keep out of reach of children.

Allergens

Contains no artificial colors, preservatives, or sweeteners; no dairy, starch, sugar, wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, corn, egg, fish, shellfish, animal products, salt, tree nuts, or GMOs. Suitable for vegetarians/vegans. They are sealed for your protection. Only use it if the seal is fixed. For freshness, store in a cool, dry place.

Contraindications

No known contraindications exist, though safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been established.13

Drug Interactions

Currently there are no known drug interactions; PEA has been used in clinical trials as a stand-alone analgesic, as well as in conjunction with citalopram, pregabalin, gabapentin, amitriptyline, oxycodone, and duloxetine.

References

1. Skaper, S.D., Facci, L., Barbierato, M., et al. (2015). N-Palmitoylethanolamine and neuroinflammation: a novel therapeutic strategy of resolution. Molecular Neurobiology, 52(2),1034–1042. PMID: 26055231
2. Artukoglu, B.B., Beyer, C., Zuloff-Shani, A., et al. (2017). Efficacy of palmitoylethanolamide for pain: a meta-analysis. Pain Physician, 20(5), 353–362. PMID: 28727699
3. Paladini, A., Fusco, M., Cenacchi, T., et al. (2016). Palmitoylethanolamide, a special food for medical purposes, in the treatment of chronic pain: a pooled data meta-analysis. Pain Physician, 19(2), 11–24. PMID: 26815246
4. Skaper, S.D., Facci, L., et al. (2012). Mast cell-glia axis in neuroinflammation and therapeutic potential of the anandamide congener palmitoylethanolamide. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences, 367(1607), 3312–3325. PMID: 23108549
5. Rinne, P., Guillamat-Prats, R., Rami, M., et al. (2018). Palmitoylethanolamide promotes a pro-resolving macrophage phenotype and attenuates atherosclerotic plaque formation. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 38(11), 2562–2575. PMID: 30354245
6. Petrosino, S.& Di Marzo, V. (2017). The pharmacology of palmitoylethanolamide and first data on the therapeutic efficacy of some of its new formulations. British Journal of Pharmacology, 174(11), 1349–1365. PMID: 27539936
7. Gatti, A., Lazzari, M., et al. (2012). Palmitoylethanolamide in the treatment of chronic pain caused by different etiopathogenesis. Pain Medicine, 13(9), 1121–1130. PMID: 22845893
8. Keppel Hesselink, J.M. & Kopsky, D.J. (2015). Palmitoylethanolamide, a neutraceutical, in nerve compression syndromes: efficacy and safety in sciatic pain and carpal tunnel syndrome. Journal of Pain Research, 8, 729–734. PMID: 26604814
9. Marini, I., Bartolucci, M.L., et al. (2012). Palmitoylethanolamide versus a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in treating temporomandibular joint inflammatory pain. Journal of Orofacial Pain, 26(2), 99–104. PMID: 22558609
10. Ghazizadeh-Hashemi, M., Ghajar, A., et al. (2018). Palmitoylethanolamide as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder: A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 232, 127–133. PMID: 29486338
11. Strobbe, E., Cellini, M., & Campos, E.C. (2013). Effectiveness of palmitoylethanolamide on endothelial dysfunction in ocular hypertensive patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study. Investigative Ophthalmology & Vision Science, 54(2), 968–973. PMID: 23307959
12. Gagliano, C., Ortisi, E., Pulvirenti, L., et al. (2011). Ocular hypotensive effect of oral palmitoyl-ethanolamide: a clinical trial. Investigative Ophthalmology & Vision Science, 52(9), 6096–6100. PMID: 21705689
13. Nestmann, E.R. (2016). Safety of micronized palmitoylethanolamide (microPEA): lack of toxicity and genotoxic potential. Food Science Nutrition, 5(2), 292–309. PMID: 28265364